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How Do ‘Future Climate Scenarios’ Shape Climate Science and Inform Policy? 

Union of Concerned Scientists

Four RCP scenarios describe different levels of radiative forcing in the atmosphere by 2100. Radiative forcing is the change in energy balance in the Earths atmosphere due to heat trapping emissions. These pathways describe different global socioeconomic conditions (e.g., Studies show that high-emission scenarios like SSP5-8.5

Radiation 244
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A CERES of fortunate events…

Real Climate

The CERES estimates of the top-of-atmosphere radiative fluxes are available from 2001 to the present. 2021) also reported on a two decade estimate of Earthshine measurements which appear to confirm a small decrease in albedo (and decrease in reflected short wave (SW) radiation). But what can be causing this?

Radiation 360
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The CO2 problem in six easy steps (2022 Update)

Real Climate

The fact that there is a natural greenhouse effect (that the atmosphere restricts the passage of infra-red (IR) radiation from the Earth’s surface to space) is easily deducible from; i) the mean temperature of the surface (around 15ºC) and, ii) knowing that the planet is normally close to radiative equilibrium.

Radiation 352
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Clauser-ology: Cloudy with a chance of meatballs

Real Climate

He, however, goes seriously off the rails when he estimates the impact of clouds on the radiation budget. We can measure directly how much solar radiation arrives at the Earth and once you spread it over the surface of the Earth, there is about 340 W/m 2.

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Upcoming Developments in International Governance of Marine Carbon Dioxide Removal

Law Columbia

As noted in a 2021 National Academies of Sciences (NAS) report , these approaches have the potential for substantial carbon sequestration, but key questions remain about their efficacy, benefits, and risks. Solar radiation management is distinct from CDR.

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A distraction due to errors, misunderstanding and misguided Norwegian statistics

Real Climate

are used all over the world, based on calculations that quantify the effects of physical mechanisms and the way different parts of the atmosphere are connected to each other. The physics-based models describe how energy flows through the atmosphere and ocean, as well as how the forces from different air masses push against each other.

Sea Level 354
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A deep dive into the IPCC’s updated carbon budget numbers

Real Climate

10 from IPCC (2021). 2 from IPCC (2021). in Canadell et al (2021). Source: Data from IPCC (2014), Rogelj et al (2018), and IPCC (2021). Source: Data from IPCC (2014), Rogelj et al (2018), and IPCC (2021). in the underlying chapter; Canadell et al (2021)). Source: Figure SPM.10 Source: Table SPM.2

2018 358