2021 Atmosphere Greenhouse Ozone 
Real Climate
JULY 10, 2022
Step 1: There is a natural greenhouse effect. This means that there is an upward surface flux of IR around (~398 W/m 2 ), while the outward flux at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) is roughly equivalent to the net solar radiation absorbed (~240 W/m 2 ). Step 2: Trace gases contribute to the natural greenhouse effect.
Real Climate
AUGUST 12, 2021
In my opinion the press conference on 9 August 2021 didn’t do justice to the vast effort that went into it. Another clue indicating a shortcoming is if you look at the atmospheric CO 2 -concentrations over time to see how much impact the IPCC reports have had on the real policy-makers in the world (Figure below).
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Real Climate
NOVEMBER 18, 2023
Also missing is any realization that clouds also contribute to the greenhouse effect (roughly 25% of the total) and so whether cloud changes warm or cool depends very much on where the clouds are (high clouds have a very different effect than low clouds for instance). Clouding the picture So where does this leave us? Senan, J.M. Lyman, G.C.
PA Environment Daily
JANUARY 21, 2022
million in Alternative Fuel Incentive Grants (AFIGs) to 18 cleaner fuel transportation projects statewide that will reduce greenhouse gas emissions and other air pollutants. Transportation generates 47 percent of nitrogen oxide emissions in Pennsylvania, contributing to the formation of ground-level ozone.
Real Climate
MAY 12, 2021
Meanwhile, note that the factors listed above involve the whole Earth system: the oceans, the cryosphere, the atmosphere, the solid earth and lithosphere, and a full range of scales, from the city block and shoreline, to ice dynamics that change over kilometers, to GRD footprints, to the whole global ocean. 2020) or Sadai et al.
Union of Concerned Scientists
DECEMBER 12, 2023
In 2021, a US district court vacated the Trump rule, but the fight against clean water continued. SW: Fertilizer companies encourage the industrial agriculture sector to overapply its product, and when all of that synthetic nitrogen-based fertilizer is sprayed on soil, nitrous oxide is emitted into the atmosphere.
PA Environment Daily
NOVEMBER 11, 2022
The updates, which supplement proposed standards EPA released in November 2021, reflect input and feedback from a broad range of stakeholders and nearly half a million public comments. That’s nearly the same as all greenhouse gases emitted from coal-fired electricity generation in the U.S. EPA is also seeking peer review of the report.
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