Real Climate

MAY 21, 2023

As predicted in 1967 by Manabe and Wetherald , the stratosphere has been cooling. The dominant factors are changes in CO2 (a cooling), ozone depletion (a cooling), warming from big volcanoes, and oscillations related to the solar cycle. But why is the stratosphere increasingly chill?

Cooling 254

Cooling Ozone Atmosphere Radiation 254

Real Climate

JULY 10, 2022

The fact that there is a natural greenhouse effect (that the atmosphere restricts the passage of infra-red (IR) radiation from the Earth’s surface to space) is easily deducible from; i) the mean temperature of the surface (around 15ºC) and, ii) knowing that the planet is normally close to radiative equilibrium.

Radiation 316

Radiation 2022 Greenhouse Atmosphere 316

Greenbuilding Law

JUNE 5, 2022

Albedo The amount of solar radiation reflected from an object or surface, often expressed as a percentage. Atmosphere The gaseous envelope surrounding the Earth. The dry atmosphere consists almost entirely of nitrogen (78.1% The dry atmosphere consists almost entirely of nitrogen (78.1% Greenhouse Gas (GHG).

Greenhouse 98

Greenhouse Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere Fossil Fuels 98

Real Climate

NOVEMBER 18, 2023

Also missing is any realization that clouds also contribute to the greenhouse effect (roughly 25% of the total) and so whether cloud changes warm or cool depends very much on where the clouds are (high clouds have a very different effect than low clouds for instance).

Radiation 68

Radiation 2003 2020 Climate Change 68

HumanNature

MARCH 31, 2021

When fuels are burned to create energy in a process called combustion, black carbon along with carbon monoxide and other compounds are created because there is not enough oxygen in the atmosphere for the reaction to go to completion. Whenever there are combustion processes, of which there are many in our industrial society (e.g.,

Atmosphere 52

Atmosphere Carbon Emissions 2020 2012 52

Environmental Science

JULY 22, 2018

Satellites, for example, are used in meteorology to track weather systems and to monitor atmospheric fronts to predict what the weather will do next. Known as ENSO, they are opposite effects of the same process and are defined as an oscillation (a variation in magnitude) between the temperature of the atmosphere and the ocean.

Atmosphere 52

Atmosphere Climate Change Ocean Greenhouse 52

Vermont Law

DECEMBER 20, 2017

It would not only cause many millions of immediate deaths through its initial blast, but the combined effects of blast, fire, and radiation would cause injuries requiring medical attention that would not be available. million metric tons of black carbon aerosol particles into the atmosphere to shade the earth for years.

2017 52

2017 Ozone Government 2011 52