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CMIP6: Not-so-sudden stratospheric cooling

Real Climate

As predicted in 1967 by Manabe and Wetherald , the stratosphere has been cooling. The dominant factors are changes in CO2 (a cooling), ozone depletion (a cooling), warming from big volcanoes, and oscillations related to the solar cycle. But why is the stratosphere increasingly chill? The basic concept is easy to grasp though.

Cooling 254
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Antarctic extreme events: ‘All-time records are being shattered not from decades ago, but from the last few years and months’

Frontiers

For example, Antarctica acts to cool our planet by reflecting solar radiation back to space by virtue of the brightness of its snow surface. In the ocean, 19 marine heatwaves have been recorded between 2002 and 2018. The world’s largest ever heatwave (38.5C

Ocean 98