Physics World

JUNE 18, 2022

BECs form when a gas of bosonic atoms is cooled to ultracold temperatures. BECs were first made in 1995 and their creators were rewarded with the 2001 Nobel Prize for Physics. Laser cooling is much faster and does not require most of the sample to be lost. Two-stage process. Great progress.

Cooling 138

Cooling 2001 Technology Technology 138

Environmental Progress

JANUARY 20, 2022

As an illustrative example, the Finnish Posiva is now building a final repository for which it got a political permit (Decision-in-Principle) in 2001, and it is aimed to be operational in 2024. The time from political permit to a working facility was 23 years.

Fossil Fuels 52

Fossil Fuels Regulations Waste Technology 52

Real Climate

OCTOBER 12, 2021

What they showed are the distinct fingerprints of two kinds of forcing; increasing solar activity which warms all parts of the atmosphere, and carbon dioxide increases which warm the surface and troposphere, but cool the stratosphere and above. But let’s go back to the beginning. Gnanadesikan et al.,

Atmosphere 362

Atmosphere Ocean Greenhouse Climate Change 362

HumanNature

MARCH 31, 2021

This balance describes how much energy is being reflected back into space versus how much is being absorbed by our atmosphere; a positive change in the balance indicates that we’re taking more energy in (net warming) and a negative balance indicates that we’re reflecting more energy out (net cooling). link] Jacobson, Mark Z.

Atmosphere 52

Atmosphere 2020 Carbon Emissions 2012 52