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50, 100 & 150 Years Ago: September 2023

Drunk intestines; speedy pigeons

Illustrations of medicinal plants.

1973, Medicinal Plants:Culpeper’s English Physician and Complete Herbal, written by Nicholas Culpeper (1616–1654), listed hundreds of plants that could be ‘applied to the cure of all disorders incident to mankind.’ Fennel was recommended to ‘break wind and provoke urine. . . . The . . . seed, boiled in water, will stay the hiccough.’ Fern roots boiled in mead killed ‘worms in the body.’ The foxglove was used for ‘feebleness of the heart’; today it is the source of digitalis [to treat congestive heart failure].” Credit: Scientific American, Vol. 229, No. 3; September 1973

1973

Polywater's Final Exit

“The long-standing controversy over the existence of a superdense, polymeric form of water is apparently over. The argument began when Boris V. Derjaguin and colleagues at the Soviet Academy of Sciences observed that certain samples condensed in fine capillary tubes represented a new, stable form of water with a density almost one and a half times that of ordinary water and a molecular structure that could only be described as polymeric. Subsequent investigations in the U.S.S.R., Britain, Germany and the U.S. argued that the anomalous properties could be explained by impurities. Derjaguin has now reported that recent measurements by his group have revealed that their samples invariably contain trace impurities.”


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Drunk Intestines

“Alcohol is manufactured in the human intestine by microorganisms. The amount of pure ethyl alcohol (the potable kind) produced daily is about one ounce. Ethyl alcohol ingested by a human, or produced in the intestine, is carried to the liver. In the liver 80 percent is broken down by alcohol dehydrogenase; the remaining 20 percent is possibly metabolized by another enzyme, catalase. It is the efficiency of the process that so long masked the production of alcohol in the intestine. The microorganisms that produce it remain unknown.”

People with auto-brewery syndrome produce much more alcohol daily and may seem intoxicated even though they haven't been drinking.

The Jesus Lizard

“The basilisk lizard of Mexico and Central America has a unique ability: it can walk on water. In some areas this ability has earned it the name lagarto Jesus Cristo—the Jesus Christ lizard. Joshua Laerm of the University of Illinois photographed the animals with a high-speed camera. As the basilisk picks up speed, it twists the lower half of its body from one side to the other and thrusts each leg backward and to the side. The result is a rapid waddle, necessary to push itself ahead with maximum force and retract each leg from the water with a minimum of resistance.”

1923

Sixteen Ohms of Malaria

“‘You have sixteen ohms of malaria,’ exclaimed the man at the rheostat, to a member of the Scientific American staff who has been investigating the much-disputed Electronic Reactions of Abrams, a method of diagnosis and treatment developed by Dr. Albert Abrams of San Francisco. There are ERA practitioners throughout the country. Remarkable cures are said to be effected, including cases of cancer. But there are many doubters in and out of medical circles. The public, looking on, remains in a quandary.”

ERA was a huge medical hoax. It held that diseases have a unique vibration rate that could be sensed from a drop of blood, or a handwriting sample, and treated, all with Abrams's sealed electronic boxes.

1873

Superhuman Insects

“M. l'Abbe Plessis, in an article in Les Mondes, says that he placed a large horned beetle, weighing some fifty grains, on a smooth plank, then added weights up to 2.2 pounds. In spite of this being 315 times the beetle's weight, the beetle managed to lift it and move it along. A human is fully a hundred times feebler in proportion. Similarly, the flea, scarcely 0.03 of an inch in height, manages to leap over a barrier 500 times its own altitude. Imagine a human jumping 3,000 feet in the air!”

Speedy Pigeons

“Carrier pigeons are being thoroughly tested, and some have shown a wonderful speed. The Ariel, a pigeon that won the $2,000 prize in the international contest in Belgium in 1871, accomplished the distance between New York and Stratford, Conn., sixty-four miles, in thirty minutes. Another bird, known as No. 6, made the journey in almost as quick a time. The carrier pigeon seems to possess a memory for places, coupled with a very strong attachment for its abode.”

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Mark Fischetti has been a senior editor at Scientific American for 17 years and has covered sustainability issues, including climate, weather, environment, energy, food, water, biodiversity, population, and more. He assigns and edits feature articles, commentaries and news by journalists and scientists and also writes in those formats. He edits History, the magazine's department looking at science advances throughout time. He was founding managing editor of two spinoff magazines: Scientific American Mind and Scientific American Earth 3.0. His 2001 freelance article for the magazine, "Drowning New Orleans," predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. His video What Happens to Your Body after You Die?, has more than 12 million views on YouTube. Fischetti has written freelance articles for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, Technology Review, Fast Company, and many others. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti is a former managing editor of IEEE Spectrum Magazine and of Family Business Magazine. He has a physics degree and has twice served as the Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union's Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism, which celebrates a career of outstanding reporting on the Earth and space sciences. He has appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many news radio stations. Follow Fischetti on X (formerly Twitter) @markfischetti

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Scientific American Magazine Vol 329 Issue 2This article was originally published with the title “50, 100 & 150 Years Ago” in Scientific American Magazine Vol. 329 No. 2 (), p. 84
doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0923-84