Cultivating eco-advantages: Unleashing the distinctive potential of biochar in microbial fuel cells

Mishra, R., Gollakota, A. R. K., & Shu, C.-M. (2024). “Cultivating eco-advantages: Unleashing the distinctive potential of biochar in microbial fuel cells.” Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 185, 614–631. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2024.02.084

Abstract

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) represent a cost-effective, compact, and environmentally sound solution for the generation of renewable energy, with considerable potential for addressing environmental remediation challenges. MFCs possess the capacity to convert chemical energy derived from waste materials into electrical energy, thereby offering a sustainable and responsible avenue for the degradation of pollutants. In recent years, biochar, a carbon-rich material, has garnered significant attention due to its versatile applications in environmental and energy-related fields. This review primarily focuses on the effective and economically viable utilization of biochar for pollutant removal within MFCs. The substantial surface area and porous structure of biochar greatly enhance its ability to adsorb and subsequently decompose a wide spectrum of contaminants, encompassing organic compounds, heavy metals, and nutrients. These MFC systems have the unique capability to concurrently sequester carbon while generating electricity from organic waste sources by employing biochar as an electrode material. This approach not only provides an efficient means to reduce greenhouse gas emissions but also aligns with the principles of establishing a circular economy (CE). Furthermore, this review explores the concept of the CE, highlighting the sustainable contributions of biochar when integrated into MFCs. It offers a comprehensive analysis of the environmental benefits associated with the incorporation of biochar in MFCs, with a specific emphasis on pollutant removal, its potential for carbon sequestration, and its role in advancing the CE framework. Ultimately, the insights derived from this article serve as a foundational stepping stone for future technological advancements, contributing to realizing a more environmentally conscious and sustainable future.